Conserving Genetic and Genomic Diversity in Accordance with the Global Biodiversity Framework

Adopted in December 2022, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) under the Convention on Biological Diversity outlines a visionary road map guiding humanity's relationship with nature. KMGBF commitments require active intervention, sustained monitoring and scientific reporting, capacity building for tools and technologies, and cooperation among 196 signatories. Genetic diversity, which underlies adaptation and fitness, is a core tenet of the KMGBF. This article aims to distill the KMGBF to help researchers, practitioners, and other interested parties achieve its commitments. In five sections, we address (a) the KMGBF's terminology and scope, (b) the intersection of KMGBF targets with genetic diversity, (c) genetic monitoring for tracking its progress, (d) paradigms and decision frameworks to guide genetic conservation actions, and (e) emerging frontiers. A better understanding of the KMGBF will help researchers, practitioners, and other interested parties more effectively engage and fulfill global, national, and local commitments to the conservation of our planet's biodiversity.