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Dogs as a Model for Cancer: An Update
Joelle M Fenger1, Cheryl A London2
1Ethos Discovery, Westborough, Massachusetts, USA.
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
|February 19, 2026
Summary
Client-owned dogs with cancer serve as valuable preclinical models, mirroring human disease and aiding cancer drug development. This approach optimizes therapies for humans and provides pets with advanced treatment options.
Area of Science:
- Comparative oncology
- Translational cancer research
- Veterinary medicine
Background:
- Spontaneous canine cancers closely mimic human cancers in clinical and molecular aspects.
- Dogs with cancer offer a naturally occurring model for studying cancer progression and treatment resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the utility of pet dogs with cancer in preclinical drug development.
- To improve the efficiency and success rate of cancer therapeutic development for both humans and animals.
Main Methods:
- Leveraging spontaneous canine cancer models in preclinical drug development.
- Analyzing molecular drivers and immune landscapes in canine cancers.
- Establishing pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships and clinical toxicities in dogs.
Main Results:
- Canine cancer models have informed dose regimens and identified potential biologic activity of therapeutics.
- This approach helps eliminate therapies with low potential early in development.
- Optimized therapies show greater probability of success in human clinical trials.
Conclusions:
- Integrating pet dogs into cancer drug development accelerates the identification of effective treatments.
- This translational model benefits both human and veterinary oncology.
- Further research into canine cancer can lead to significant advancements in cancer therapy.
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