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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

Published on: May 5, 2011

A novel phased-array thermography concept for non-destructive testing.

Cristiano Martinelli¹, Michele Meo²

¹Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK.

Scientific Reports

|November 7, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Phased-Array Thermography (PAT), a novel method using steered thermal waves for enhanced non-destructive testing. PAT offers improved defect identification in materials compared to traditional Infrared Thermography (IRT).

Keywords:

Aerospace engineering Defect identification Non-destructive testing Thermography

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
Thermal Engineering

Background:

Phased array technology traditionally steers elastic, electromagnetic, and other waves for precise applications.
Active Infrared Thermography (IRT) methods often lack control over thermal gradient direction, limiting defect identification.
Existing IRT techniques uniformly heat surfaces, hindering directional analysis of thermal responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and validate a novel Phased-Array Thermography (PAT) method for non-destructive evaluation.
To overcome limitations of conventional IRT by enabling precise steering and focusing of thermal waves.
To introduce a new three-dimensional approach for enhanced material inspection and defect characterization.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel phased array method for steering and focusing thermal waves, termed Phased-Array Thermography (PAT).
Derived and validated a closed-form analytical solution for thermal wave propagation against numerical simulations.
Assessed PAT accuracy using thermal Finite Element (FE) simulations and experimental analyses on aluminum and composite plates.

Main Results:

Phased-Array Thermography (PAT) demonstrated superior control over thermal wavefronts compared to Pulsed Thermography (PT).
FE simulations and experimental results validated PAT's effectiveness in identifying flaws like flat bottom holes and impact damage.
The method successfully achieved precise steering and focusing of thermal waves, offering enhanced directional thermal gradient control.

Conclusions:

Phased-Array Thermography (PAT) represents a significant advancement in non-destructive evaluation by introducing controlled thermal wavefront steering.
This novel approach has transformative potential for structural health monitoring and adaptive manufacturing systems.
PAT overcomes key limitations of traditional IRT, enabling more precise and effective material inspection.