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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

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Enhancing ionic conductivity in biodegradable cellulose acetate polymer electrolytes through formamide-induced

N Gopalakrishnan¹, M Mohamed Naseer Ali¹, K Venkatesh²

¹Department of Physics, The New College, University of Madras, Chennai, 600014, India.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|November 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new biodegradable solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) using cellulose acetate, NH₄Br, and formamide was developed. This environmentally friendly proton conductor shows high ionic conductivity for advanced energy devices.

Keywords:

Cellulose acetate Conducting salt EI spectroscopy Plasticizer Solid polymer electrolyte

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Polymer Science

Background:

Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs) are vital for sustainable energy systems.
Biodegradable and non-toxic electrolytes are in high demand for cost-effective industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic cellulose acetate (CA) based SPE for proton battery applications.
To investigate the effect of formamide as a plasticizer on the structural and ionic conductivity properties of the CA-NH₄Br system.

Main Methods:

Solution casting method was employed to fabricate the SPE.
Impedance spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used for analysis.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to study the structural properties.

Main Results:

The optimal SPE composition (1g CA, 0.15g NH₄Br, 0.8g formamide) achieved an ionic conductivity of 1.62 × 10⁻³ S/cm.
Formamide enhanced NH₄Br dissociation and polymer chain flexibility.
XRD analysis indicated increased amorphousness in the polymer matrix, facilitating ionic transport.

Conclusions:

Formamide acts as an effective plasticizer, significantly improving ionic conductivity.
The developed CA-NH₄Br-formamide SPE is a promising candidate for next-generation proton-conducting energy devices.