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Higher hospital occupancy during the COVID-19 pandemic correlated with increased inpatient complications. Addressing healthcare workforce shortages is crucial for future disaster preparedness and mitigating occupancy surge effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted U.S. healthcare systems, increasing demand for inpatient and intensive care unit resources.
  • This study investigated the relationship between hospital occupancy rates and the incidence of patient complications within the Military Health System during the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between hospital occupancy rates and inpatient complication incidence.
  • To inform future disaster preparedness strategies within healthcare systems.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing Military Health System inpatient encounter data (October 2019-May 2023).
  • Included TRICARE beneficiaries treated for traumatic injury, emergency general surgery, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between hospital occupancy and specific inpatient complications (e.g., CAUTI, CLABSI, DTI, DVT, PE).

Main Results:

  • The study analyzed 24,926 eligible TRICARE beneficiaries.
  • Average hospital occupancy was 0.45 inpatient days per bed-day per month.
  • Hospitals in the middle occupancy tertile showed a 36% higher likelihood of complications; higher occupancy tertile showed a 20% increase compared to the lowest tertile.

Conclusions:

  • Inpatient complication incidence appears to rise with increasing hospital occupancy rates.
  • Proactive strategies addressing healthcare workforce shortages are essential to mitigate the impact of hospital occupancy surges during public health crises.