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Photoinduced decarboxylation in fluorescent proteins: charge-transfer states and structure-function relationship.

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Photoinduced decarboxylation in fluorescent proteins is explored, revealing a common mechanism across variants like GFPs and red fluorescent proteins. This research clarifies structure-function relationships and aids in designing new fluorescent probes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Protein Science

Background:

  • Photoinduced decarboxylation of acidic amino acids near the chromophore is a known phenomenon in fluorescent proteins.
  • The exact mechanism and its generalizability across diverse fluorescent protein variants, especially red fluorescent proteins, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the photoinduced decarboxylation mechanism in various fluorescent proteins, focusing on red variants like DsRed and PSLSSmKate.
  • To establish a structure-function relationship for this process across different fluorescent protein scaffolds.
  • To benchmark computational methods for studying excited-state properties in fluorescent proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized excited-state Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) calculations.
  • Employed time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), coupled cluster (CC2), and approximate coupled-cluster singles and doubles (ADC(2)) methods.
  • Performed a benchmark study of various excited-state methods, basis sets, and embedding approaches.

Main Results:

  • Provided new insights into the photoinduced decarboxylation mechanism in fluorescent proteins.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of QM/MM calculations for studying excited-state processes in these systems.
  • Highlighted potential differences and similarities in the mechanism across various fluorescent protein families.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the photoinduced decarboxylation mechanism in diverse fluorescent proteins, including red variants.
  • Findings contribute to the understanding of protein photophysics.
  • The research may guide the rational design of novel fluorescent probes with tailored properties.