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Updated: Jan 11, 2026
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Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area
Published on: February 19, 2018
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Mechanically Induced Nickel-Catalyst Activation in Cross-Coupling Reactions by Abrasion.
Thomas J Hasiweder1, Alec P LaGrow1, Luis K Ono1
1Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 10, 2025
Summary
Mechanical abrasion of stainless steel in ball milling activates nickel catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. This process, aided by additives, forms iron- and chromium-coated particles, highlighting the role of mechanical forces in catalysis.
Area of Science:
- Catalysis
- Materials Science
- Mechanochemistry
Background:
- Nickel salts are widely used catalysts in cross-coupling reactions.
- Mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical force to drive chemical reactions.
- Ball milling is a common technique in mechanochemistry, often assuming inert equipment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of mechanical abrasion in nickel-catalyzed mechanochemical cross-coupling reactions.
- To demonstrate the activation of nickel catalysts through stainless steel abrasion during ball milling.
- To explore the influence of solid additives on this activation process.
Main Methods:
- Ball milling of nickel salts with solid additives (Celite, BaTiO3, MgO, diamond, tungsten carbide).
- Characterization using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- Assessment of catalyst activation in cross-coupling reactions.
Main Results:
- Mechanical abrasion of stainless steel efficiently activates nickel catalysts without external reductants.
- Formation of zerovalent iron- and chromium-coated heterogeneous particles during ball milling.
- Solid additives facilitate the abrasion and subsequent catalyst activation.
Conclusions:
- Mechanical abrasion plays a crucial, noninnocent role in mechanochemical catalysis.
- Ball milling equipment is not inert and its material composition influences catalytic outcomes.
- This work redefines the understanding of mechanical phenomena in mechanochemical reactions.
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