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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

Differential electroencephalography responses in speech perception between native and non-native speakers.

Luong Do Anh Quan¹, Le Thi Trang¹, Inyong Choi²

¹Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|November 10, 2025

Summary

Non-native speakers process speech differently, relying more on acoustic cues. This study used electroencephalography (EEG) to reveal distinct neural strategies for native versus non-native language processing.

Keywords:

bottom-up acoustic features neural tracking passive listening phoneme-related potential temporal response function

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Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psycholinguistics
Speech Processing

Background:

Listeners utilize varied neural strategies for native and non-native language.
Speech processing involves encoding acoustic to linguistic information differently based on language experience.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate neural response differences in native English and Korean speakers during passive listening.
Compare how the brain processes native versus non-native speech.
Examine the role of acoustic versus linguistic features in speech perception.

Main Methods:

Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity.
Employed Temporal Response Functions (TRFs) to analyze neural tracking of speech features (envelope, phoneme onset, surprisal, semantic dissimilarity).
Applied Phoneme-Related Potentials (PRPs) to assess phonemic-level processing.

Main Results:

Non-native speakers exhibited stronger neural tracking of the speech envelope.
No group differences were found for higher-level linguistic features in TRF analyses.
PRP analyses indicated distinct patterns, with non-native speakers showing heightened peaks for phoneme categories.

Conclusions:

Non-native listeners appear to depend more on bottom-up acoustic cues during passive speech perception.
TRFs and PRPs serve as neural markers for language-dependent speech processing.
Language experience significantly influences neural strategies for speech comprehension.