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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Isolation of Epithelial Cells from Human Dental Follicle
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Tooth-on-a-chip to engineer early dental epithelial-mesenchymal interaction.

C Huang1,2, F Sanaei1, W Zhang3

  • 1Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leijdenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Materials Today. Bio
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel "tooth-on-a-chip" to mimic tooth development. This micro-engineered device enables controlled interaction between dental epithelial (DE) and dental mesenchymal (DM) cells, advancing enamel regeneration strategies.

Keywords:
AmeloblastMineralized tissueOdontoblastOrgan-on-a-chipTooth regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Tooth enamel regeneration is hindered by the loss of enamel-forming ameloblasts before tooth eruption.
  • Existing in-vitro models lack precise control over dental epithelial (DE) and dental mesenchymal (DM) cell interactions and media conditions.
  • Effective enamel regeneration requires recapitulating DE-DM interactions crucial for tooth morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a micro-engineered "tooth-on-a-chip" platform for controlled DE-DM interaction.
  • To create a dual-medium microenvironment that independently perfuses lineage-specific media.
  • To establish a model for studying early odontogenesis and amelogenesis for improved enamel regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a three-channel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device using 3-D printing and soft lithography.
  • Seeding dental mesenchymal (DM) cells within a fibrin hydrogel, followed by sequential seeding of dental epithelial (DE) cells.
  • Utilizing quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence, Alizarin Red staining, calcium assays, and SEM for analysis.

Main Results:

  • DM cells formed a papilla-like core and secreted collagen, creating a niche for DE cells.
  • Progressive up-regulation of odontogenic markers in DM cells and ameloblast differentiation in DE cells (AMELX expression) were observed.
  • Spatially confined mineralization was confirmed at the engineered DE-DM interface.

Conclusions:

  • The "tooth-on-a-chip" platform successfully recapitulates key aspects of early odontogenesis and amelogenesis.
  • This controllable, dual-medium microenvironment offers a versatile tool for dissecting tooth development.
  • The platform provides a foundation for accelerating true enamel-regeneration strategies.