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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Published on: March 14, 2017

Association between smartphone glances during application-based navigation and pedestrian navigation performance: a

Suguru Shimokihara^1,2,3, Takayuki Tabira⁴, Yuriko Ikeda⁴

¹Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.

|November 10, 2025

Summary

Frequent smartphone glances while walking negatively impact navigation performance. This suggests a need for alternative navigation systems to improve pedestrian efficiency and safety.

Keywords:

Application gaze behavior navigation real-world smartphone

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Published on: March 14, 2017

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Published on: April 30, 2020

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: June 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Human-computer interaction
Mobility studies
Gaze behavior analysis

Background:

Smartphone adoption is increasing, enhancing outdoor mobility via navigation apps.
Concerns exist regarding smartphone use while walking, but navigation performance and gaze behavior remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between gaze behavior (smartphone glances) and navigation performance in adults using navigation apps while walking.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional experimental study with 33 healthy adults performing a 1,300m outdoor route navigation task.
Eye-tracking recorded gaze behavior, including smartphone glances.
Generalized linear models and bootstrap analysis examined the relationship between glances and navigation performance.

Main Results:

A positive correlation was found between the number of smartphone glances and increased stops and route errors.
This association remained significant after bootstrap validation.

Conclusions:

Frequent smartphone screen checking while walking with navigation apps can impair navigation performance.
Alternative navigation systems not requiring screen interaction could enhance pedestrian safety and efficiency.