Osteogenic Potential of Sr/Zn-Doped Nano Hydroxyapatite Coated Dental Implants: A Systematic Review

A novel approach to augmenting the osteogenic properties of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is doping it with bioactive ions such as strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn). The incorporation of Sr and Zn into the nano-hydroxyapatite structure enhances its bioactivity, providing a more favorable environment for osteogenesis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the osteogenic potential of Sr/Zn-doped nano-hydroxyapatite coatings on dental implants, focusing on their effects on osseointegration and bone regeneration. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. The following databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through September 2024. The search was designed to capture a wide range of studies from biomedical, clinical, and materials science. This systematic review initially identified 16 studies, with 6 excluded after screening for relevance. Of the 10 remaining, one was further excluded for not meeting criteria. Nine studies were included in the final analysis, out of which 4 were animal studies and 5 were in vitro studies but heterogeneity prevented a meta-analysis. Data extraction focused on study details, mechanisms, in vitro and in vivo results, and conclusions. Results indicated that Sr/ Zn-doped nHA plasma-sprayed coatings on titanium dental implants significantly enhance osteogenic potential. The collective evidence from the relevant studies shows that the benefits of Sr/Zn-doped HA materials for biomedical applications are multifaceted. They have demonstrated significant improvements in bioactivity, osseointegration, osteogenesis, antibacterial properties, and mechanical performance, making them promising candidates for a range of orthopedic, dental, and cranial implants.