Carbon Dots for Next-Generation Cancer Theranostics: From Advanced Imaging to Targeted Therapy

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Oncology

Background:

• Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as versatile nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
• Their unique optical properties, biocompatibility, and tunable surface chemistry make them attractive for cancer theranostics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diverse applications of carbon dots in cancer diagnostics and therapies.
• To highlight advancements in surface modification for improved CD efficacy and safety.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on carbon dots in cancer theranostics.
• Analysis of various therapeutic strategies utilizing CDs, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and drug delivery.
• Examination of advanced imaging techniques employing CDs, such as MRI and photoacoustic imaging (PAI).

Main Results:

• CDs are employed in multiple cancer therapies (PDT, PTT, PCT, SDT) and drug delivery systems.
• CDs facilitate advanced imaging modalities like MRI and PAI for enhanced diagnostics.
• Surface functionalization of CDs improves tumor targeting, selectivity, and overall treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Carbon dots offer a promising platform for integrated cancer diagnosis and therapy.
• Advancements in CD surface modification are crucial for overcoming challenges like tumor hypoxia and drug resistance.
• CDs hold significant potential for the future of precision cancer treatment.