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Extremely wideband ridge gap waveguide-based 3-dB coupler using supershaped coupling apertures.

Davood Zarifi1,2, Ali Sabbaghi Saber3, Ali Farahbakhsh4,5

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This study presents a novel broadband 3-dB coupler using ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology and supershapes. It achieves exceptional 75.8% bandwidth in K and Ka bands with a compact size, ideal for microwave and millimeter-wave systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Waveguide Technology
  • Microwave Engineering
  • Metamaterials and Novel Geometries

Background:

  • Traditional waveguide couplers often struggle to achieve wide bandwidths while maintaining compact dimensions.
  • Ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology offers potential for miniaturization and improved performance.
  • Exploration of complex geometries using parametric models like supershapes can lead to novel electromagnetic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel broadband 3-dB coupler utilizing ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology.
  • To achieve exceptional bandwidth and a compact footprint using supershape-based design.
  • To develop efficient transitions for broadband excitation in RGW structures.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a 3-dB coupler based on ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology.
  • Utilization of supershapes for efficient exploration of complex geometries and design space.
  • Development of novel RGW to coaxial line and double-ridge waveguide transitions.
  • Electromagnetic simulations and experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a fractional bandwidth of 75.8% over the 18-40 GHz range (K and Ka bands).
  • Demonstrated a coupling level of 3 ± 0.3 dB, return loss better than 18 dB, and isolation exceeding 22 dB.
  • Realized a significantly compact footprint (0.8λg), substantially smaller than conventional designs.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed supershape-designed RGW coupler offers a highly effective solution for broadband applications.
  • The novel transitions ensure efficient excitation across the entire operational bandwidth.
  • The design is suitable for high-performance microwave and millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems requiring compact, wide-bandwidth components.