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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

1.0K
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
1.0K
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

1.4K
The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse....
1.4K
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

1.4K
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
1.4K
2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

1.9K
Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
1.9K
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

604
Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
604
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

738
Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
738

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

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Experimental two-dimensional Raman cooling with orthogonal geometry.

Xiangyu Dong, Yiyang Zhang, Zhennan Liu

    Optics Express
    |November 11, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a novel two-dimensional deep cooling method for atom ensembles, achieving ultra-low temperatures below 100 nanokelvins. This advancement significantly enhances precision for matter-wave interferometry and quantum sensing applications.

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    Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    • Quantum Sensing
    • Precision Measurement

    Background:

    • Transverse diffusion in atom ensembles limits precision in matter-wave interferometry.
    • Existing cooling methods face challenges in achieving desired uniformity and low temperatures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel two-dimensional deep cooling method.
    • To reduce transverse diffusion and improve atom ensemble uniformity for enhanced precision measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-dimensional deep cooling technique.
    • Employed orthogonal Raman geometry for cooling atom ensembles.
    • Cooled atoms for 35 milliseconds.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved temperatures below 100 nanokelvins in the horizontal plane.
    • Reached a cooling efficiency of approximately 30%.
    • Demonstrated high uniformity of cooled atoms in all directions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed cooling protocol is highly suitable for quantum sensing.
    • Offers significant advantages over ultracold atoms or optical molasses for precision applications.