Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.8K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.8K
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

11.0K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
11.0K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

9.3K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
9.3K
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

20.6K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
20.6K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

65.3K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
65.3K
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

3.4K
Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

BNCT Plus Luminescence: New Paradigm for Boron-Containing Drug Design.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2026
Same author

Pd-Catalyzed Facile and Selective B-H Carbonylation Leading to Boron Cluster Carboxylic Acids for Diverse Transformations.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Boosting Natural Rubber Performance by Backbone Rigid Functionalization.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Accessing Degradable Polyethylenes via Catalytic Ethylene Copolymerization.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Migration at Boron Cage for Selective B-H Functionalization of nido-Carboranes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Stereospecific alkenylation of carboranes: copper-catalyzed access to pyridylcarboranyl alkenes.

Chemical science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions
08:56

Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.4K

Direct B-H Bond Activation Polymerization of Boron Clusters.

Meng Chen1,2, Zhaofeng Sun1, Liyan Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new Pd-catalyzed polymerization of carboranes, creating high-molecular-weight polymers. These novel boron cluster polymers are degradable and show promise for bioimaging and neutron capture therapy.

More Related Videos

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

11.0K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions
08:56

Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions

Published on: November 30, 2022

3.4K
A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
09:08

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

Published on: February 27, 2017

11.0K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Boron Cluster Chemistry

Background:

  • Functionalizing boron clusters like carboranes at boron vertices is synthetically challenging due to inert B-H bonds and regioselectivity.
  • While B-H bond functionalization is advancing for small molecules, boron cluster-based polymer synthesis via direct B-H activation polymerization is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel polymerization method for constructing boron cluster-based polymers.
  • To explore the synthesis of degradable, multifunctional polymers using carboranes and diynes.

Main Methods:

  • Palladium-catalyzed B-H bond activation polymerization of nido-carboranes with internal diynes.
  • Characterization of resulting polymers for molecular weight, yield, and degradability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high molecular weights (up to 103.8 kg/mol) and excellent yields (up to 99%) in boron-site-substituted polymers.
  • Demonstrated excellent degradability of the polymers due to dense nido-carborane incorporation.
  • Synthesized aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active polymers for bioimaging and boron delivery agents.

Conclusions:

  • Established a general and facile route to degradable, multifunctional boron cluster-based polymers.
  • Showcased the potential of these polymers in materials science and biomedicine, including bioimaging and neutron capture therapy.