Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues
07:50

An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.2K

Microbial Transitions in Infective Endocarditis Influence the Spectrum of Clinical Features and Functional Outcomes

Mikio Shiba1, Hiromi Tsutsui1, Takaharu Hayashi1,2

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Keisatsu Hospital Osaka Japan.

Circulation Reports
|November 11, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Staphylococcus species are now the main cause of infective endocarditis (IE), often leading to surgery. Younger age and timely surgery predict better functional outcomes in IE patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) microbial landscape has shifted, with Staphylococcus species becoming predominant pathogens.
  • This evolving trend complicates IE management and its impact on clinical outcomes requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate recent microbial trends in infective endocarditis (IE).
  • To analyze the relationship between microbial pathogens and clinical outcomes in IE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 222 patients with suspected IE undergoing transesophageal echocardiography.
  • Fifty-six patients meeting modified Duke criteria for definite IE were included.
  • Microbiological data and clinical outcomes, including modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus spp. showed a significant increase (P=0.040), while Streptococcus spp. decreased (P<0.001).
  • Staphylococcus infections were associated with more frequent surgical treatment (75%) and extensive intracardiac lesions.
  • Patients with Staphylococcus infections had better functional status at discharge (mRS 0-3; P=0.049).
  • Surgical intervention (OR 5.40) and younger age (OR 0.94) independently predicted favorable outcomes (mRS 0-3).

Conclusions:

  • Staphylococcus spp. are the leading pathogens in IE, often causing severe intracardiac involvement.
  • Younger age and timely surgical intervention are key predictors of improved functional outcomes in IE.
  • Early recognition and individualized, pathogen-directed management strategies are crucial for enhancing IE prognosis.
Keywords:
Heart failureInfective endocarditisModified Rankin ScaleStrokeTransesophageal echocardiography

More Related Videos

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling08:25

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

9.5K
Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes03:53

Growing a Cystic Fibrosis-Relevant Polymicrobial Biofilm to Probe Community Phenotypes

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.0K

Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
394
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
376
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
205
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
308
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
248
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
354