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Digital Health Technologies for Screening and Identifying Unmet Social Needs: Scoping Review.

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Digital health technologies can help identify unmet social needs, improving care for vulnerable populations. Further research is needed to integrate these tools effectively into healthcare systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Social determinants of health significantly impact patient outcomes.
  • Unmet social needs, such as food insecurity and housing instability, compromise well-being and quality of care.
  • Systematic identification of social needs is crucial for effective healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of digital health technology (DHT) for screening and identifying unmet social needs in high-need populations.
  • To analyze trends, effectiveness, challenges, and limitations of DHTs in this context.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searched major databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, ACM, Web of Science) for studies from 2010-2025.
  • Included studies using technology to screen for social needs in vulnerable populations; data extraction focused on technology type, screening process, and identified needs.

Main Results:

  • A limited but growing number of studies (14 identified) utilize technologies like surveys, tablets, and portals for social needs screening.
  • Applications span diverse groups (refugees, ED patients), with innovative tools like chatbots showing promise.
  • Challenges include small sample sizes, single-site studies, EHR integration issues, and mixed effectiveness outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Digital health technologies are vital for identifying unmet social needs.
  • More integrated research is required to understand the full impact of technology-based social needs assessments.
  • Future work should emphasize facilitated, technology-driven screening and resource linkage, both in and out of clinical visits.