Preparation, structural characterization, and pharmacological applications of polysaccharides from the genus...

There are approximately 350 species of Aconitum worldwide, primarily distributed in the northern temperate zone, with a significant presence in Asia. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Aconitum polysaccharides (APS) exhibit a range of biological activities, including immune enhancement, hypoglycemic effects, anti-inflammatory properties, antitumor activity, antioxidant effects, and cholesterol-lowering capabilities. These attributes have positioned APS at the forefront of research focused on their development and application, indicating a promising future in the fields of biomedicine and functional foods. Furthermore, the methods employed for extraction, isolation, and purification can substantially influence the content, purity, and subsequent structural characterization of APS, thereby affecting their biological activities. Despite their significance, a comprehensive review of APS is currently lacking. Given the critical role of these polysaccharides in biological research and drug development, this review aims to gather and synthesize information regarding extraction, isolation, and purification methods, structural characterization, pharmacological activities, and potential mechanisms of action of polysaccharides derived from Aconitum, utilizing various literature databases up to the publication date of this review. This paper seeks to provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the development of APS into biopharmaceuticals, functional foods, and biomaterials.