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Factors contributing to elevated springtime surface ozone levels in eastern China.

Fanghe Zhao1, Yuhang Wang1, Lewis Gregory Huey1

  • 1School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Springtime ozone levels in the North China Plain (NCP) are significantly higher than in the U.S., driven by reactive aromatics. Reducing these emissions could unexpectedly increase ozone, highlighting the need for better industrial emission data for air quality management.

Keywords:
Aromatics emissionsIndustrial emissionsNorth China PlainOzone production regimesSpringtime ozone

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Air Quality Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Springtime ozone levels in the North China Plain (NCP) are substantially higher compared to the U.S.
  • Reactive aromatic concentrations in the NCP are over six times greater than in California.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of reactive aromatics to ozone production in the NCP.
  • To improve air quality models by incorporating realistic emission patterns and diurnal cycles.
  • To assess the implications of underestimating reactive aromatics emissions on public health.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized box model analysis to quantify ozone production.
  • Redistributed reactive aromatics emissions based on industrial source patterns.
  • Implemented observation-constrained diurnal cycles to refine model performance.

Main Results:

  • Reactive aromatics were found to contribute 73% of total ozone production in the NCP.
  • Model performance significantly improved with adjusted emission distributions and diurnal cycles.
  • The chemical regime shifted towards a transition zone, impacting the effectiveness of nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Underestimation of reactive aromatics emissions has significant public health consequences, including increased ozone-related mortality.
  • Accurate characterization of industrial emissions in developing regions is crucial for effective air quality management.
  • Current air quality management strategies may need re-evaluation due to the complex role of reactive aromatics in ozone formation.