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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Bidirectional relationships between disability and cognitive decline: a 6-year longitudinal study.

Tsung-Hsuan Hung¹, Tzu-Yun Wang², Hung-Chang Chou³

¹Department of Medical Education, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.

|November 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Disability and cognitive impairment in older adults are bidirectionally linked. However, disability significantly impacts future cognitive decline more than cognition impacts future disability.

Keywords:

Bidirectional relationships Cognitive change Disability Older adults

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neuroscience
Public Health

Background:

Aging is associated with increased risks of disability and cognitive impairment.
Understanding the interplay between these conditions is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the bidirectional relationship between disability and cognitive impairment in older adults.
To determine which factor, disability or cognitive impairment, has a more significant influence on the other over time.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal analysis of 628 participants from the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS).
Assessment of cognitive function using the modified Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ).
Measurement of disability through activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and mobility scales, analyzed using structural equation models with cross-lagged analysis.

Main Results:

The cross-lagged model demonstrated a significant bidirectional relationship between disability and cognitive function over six years.
Baseline disability significantly predicted future cognitive impairment (β=-0.25, p < 0.05).
Baseline cognitive function also predicted future disability (β=-0.03, p < 0.05), but the pathway from disability to cognitive impairment was stronger (Fisher's Z test, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Disability and cognitive function exhibit a bidirectional relationship in aging populations.
Disability appears to exert a stronger influence on subsequent cognitive impairment.
Further research into the mechanisms underlying this relationship is recommended.