Case Report: Constraint led strength and conditioning for Paralympic throwers with skeletal dysplasia

Paralympic athletes with skeletal dysplasia (SD) require specialized strength and conditioning approaches due to unique anthropometric characteristics. This study examines how a constraints-led model optimizes training in an elite shot-putter with short stature.

A case study of a F41 shot-put Paralympic medalist (height: 147 cm; body-mass: 72 kg) through biomechanical analysis and training programming. The intervention combined: modified resistance training addressing joint instability, sport-specific plyometrics adapted for shorter limbs, and environmental adaptations for equipment accessibility. Performance metrics included throwing distance, strength-to-mass ratio, and kinematic measurements of shot-put release.

Implementation yielded a 13.88 m competition throw (Tokyo 2021 Paralympics), with maintained body fat of 12%-14%. Results were achieved without training-related injuries, highlighting the model's efficacy in balancing performance enhancement with joint preservation.

A constraints-based approach to strength and conditioning, combined with dynamic periodization and a comprehensive support system, provides an adjustable framework for optimizing performance in Paralympic athletes with SD. This multifaceted approach ensures that both physical and psychological demands are met, enabling sustainable athletic development while accounting for the unique biomechanical and physiological characteristics of athletes with SD. Future research should focus upon refining the application of these principles in diverse adaptive sports to further enhance performance outcomes and reduce injury risks.