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Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Electronic Cigarette Perception in Baltimore High Schools.

Pardis Mohammad Zadeh1, Rifath Ara Alam Barsha2, Chidubem Egboluche3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.

Open Journal of Psychology
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent perceptions of e-cigarette safety vary by parental education and grade level. Higher parental education and grade level correlate with perceiving e-cigarettes as less safe, while males in upper grades perceive them as safer.

Keywords:
AdolescentsAge DifferencesBaltimoreBlack YouthCross-Sectional SurveyE-Cigarette PerceptionGender DifferencesGrade LevelHealth DisparitiesLow-Income YouthParental EducationParental EmploymentSocial Determinants of HealthUrban YouthVaping Perceptions

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Health
  • Social Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adolescent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is a significant public health issue, especially in vulnerable communities.
  • Limited research exists on how social determinants of health influence youth perceptions of e-cigarette safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate social determinants linked to perceptions of e-cigarette safety among high school students in Baltimore.
  • To understand factors influencing adolescent vaping perceptions in an urban setting.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey (CEASE Youth: School Survey) of 604 Baltimore high school students (ages 14-20).
  • Questionnaire assessed perceptions of e-cigarette safety, parental education, race/ethnicity, parental employment, household composition, and community tobacco use.

Main Results:

  • Higher parental education and higher grade level were associated with lower perceived e-cigarette safety.
  • Male students, particularly those in upper grades, were more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as safe.
  • No significant associations were found between race/ethnicity, household composition, parental employment, or community tobacco exposure and perceived safety.

Conclusions:

  • Factors such as higher parental education, female gender, and higher grade level are linked to perceiving e-cigarettes as unsafe.
  • Findings underscore the necessity for tailored interventions to address youth vaping perceptions in urban environments.