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Diagnostic yield: what is sufficient?

Yuji Matsumoto1,2, Anne V Gonzalez3,4

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Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardizing diagnostic yield definitions in advanced bronchoscopy improves lung cancer diagnosis. Optimized tissue sampling and molecular testing ensure precise, patient-centered results.

Keywords:
diagnostic accuracydiagnostic bronchoscopydiagnostic yieldliquid biopsymolecular testingnext-generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Diagnostic bronchoscopy advancements aim to increase diagnostic yield and safety.
  • Inconsistent outcome definitions hinder data pooling and technology comparison in bronchoscopy studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify how a standardized definition of diagnostic yield enhances comparability and clinical interpretation in advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy.
  • To address the need for consistent outcome measures in bronchoscopy research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature and consensus statements on diagnostic yield in bronchoscopy.
  • Analysis of strategies for optimizing tissue acquisition, processing, and molecular testing.
  • Evaluation of emerging technologies like EBUS-TBNA, cryobiopsy, robotic bronchoscopy, and liquid biopsy.

Main Results:

  • The ATS/CHEST consensus provides a framework for defining and reporting diagnostic yield, enabling cross-study comparisons.
  • Optimized tissue acquisition and processing, with bronchoscopist-pathologist collaboration, are critical.
  • Coordinated sampling strategies support molecular testing (NGS); EBUS-TBNA, cryobiopsy, and robotic bronchoscopy improve sample quality.
  • Liquid biopsy (ctDNA) offers a minimally invasive adjunct but has limitations in sensitivity for low-shedding diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to standardized diagnostic yield definitions is crucial.
  • Optimized sampling and integrated molecular testing ensure technological innovations translate to meaningful lung cancer diagnosis.
  • Patient-centered, precise diagnosis is achieved through standardized yield, optimized sampling, and molecular testing.