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Does Continuous Bioaugmentation of Aerated Stabilization Basins Improve Performance? A Field Scale Trial With a

Amanda Johansen Mattingly^1,2, Philip Pagoria², James Palumbo²

¹Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation

|November 12, 2025

Summary

Bioaugmentation in pulp and paper wastewater treatment did not improve performance. A trial showed increased biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids, likely due to a bacterial bloom, not the added microbes.

Keywords:

aerated stabilization basins bioaugmentation forest products lagoons pulp and paper wastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Environmental Microbiology
Industrial Biotechnology

Background:

Continuous bioaugmentation is common in the pulp and paper industry to enhance wastewater treatment.
However, research indicates that bioaugmentation success is often unpredictable.
Wastewater treatment systems may be undersized in volume, aeration, or nutrient supply.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial bioaugmentation product in a pulp and paper mill's aerated lagoon system.
To assess the impact of bioaugmentation on wastewater treatment performance metrics.
To investigate the microbial community changes associated with bioaugmentation.

Main Methods:

A 6-month field-scale trial was conducted on two identical aerated stabilization basin (ASB) trains.
One train was bioaugmented with a commercial product, while the other served as a control.
Trains were switched mid-trial to mitigate train-specific effects, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used.

Main Results:

No significant changes in soluble or total biochemical oxygen demand (sBOD5, TBOD5) or total suspended solids (TSS) were observed in the first set of ponds.
The second set of ponds showed higher TBOD5 (6.0 ± 2.6 mg/L) and TSS (12.4 ± 5.2 mg/L) in the bioaugmented train.
16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed high levels of Thiothrix in the bioaugmented train, correlating with increased TSS.

Conclusions:

The observed increases in BOD and TSS were attributed to a filamentous bacterial bloom (Thiothrix), not the bioaugmentation product itself.
Bioaugmentation did not demonstrably improve the performance of the aerated lagoon system.
The study highlights the unpredictable nature of bioaugmentation and the importance of microbial community analysis.