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Understanding Participant (Dis)Engagement From Domestic Violence Perpetrator Group Programs: A Review and Qualitative
Brittany Ralph1,2, Nicola Helps1,3, Jasmine McGowan1
1Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Trauma, Violence & Abuse
|November 12, 2025
Summary
Understanding engagement in men's domestic violence perpetrator programs is key. This review shows program completion is inconsistently measured, urging a broader view of engagement for effective behavior change.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Psychology
- Social Work
Background:
- Men's behavior change programs are vital for addressing domestic violence.
- High attrition rates and links between non-completion and recidivism are significant concerns.
- Existing research often overlooks engagement beyond program completion/non-completion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review factors influencing engagement/disengagement in all-male domestic violence perpetrator group programs.
- To examine how program completion is defined and measured.
- To explore risk and protective factors for engagement and disengagement.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
- Searched major academic databases (ProQuest, Ovid, EBSCOhost, Web of Science).
- Included 80 peer-reviewed English language sources (1988-2023) using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods.
Main Results:
- Inconsistent and arbitrary definitions/measurement of program completion were identified.
- Program completion is a questionable proxy for program effectiveness.
- Limited research addresses engagement beyond a binary completion/non-completion framework.
Conclusions:
- There is a critical need for more nuanced analyses of outcomes in perpetrator programs.
- Capturing the non-linear, relational process of engagement is essential for understanding behavior change.
- Future research should move beyond completion rates to explore deeper engagement dynamics.
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