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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
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Nanostructured Sr-Doped Hydroxyapatite: A Material with Antimicrobial Potential.

Miljana Mirković1, Aleksandra Sknepnek2, Ana Kalijadis1

  • 1Department of Materials, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Vinča, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 12, 2025
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Summary

Environmentally friendly synthesized strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (SrHAp) nanomaterials show promise as antimicrobial agents. Their positive surface charge is key to inhibiting the growth of specific Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, aiding biomedical applications.

Keywords:
antimicrobial propertieshydroxyapatitenanostructurestrontium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite is a key component of bone, making it a suitable material for bone tissue engineering.
  • Developing effective antimicrobial agents is crucial for preventing infections associated with biomedical implants and scaffolds.
  • Strontium doping can impart novel properties to hydroxyapatite, including potential antimicrobial activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize strontium-doped nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (SrHAp) using an environmentally benign method.
  • To characterize the synthesized SrHAp nanomaterials.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of SrHAp against various bacterial strains.

Main Methods:

  • Environmentally benign synthesis of SrHAp.
  • Comprehensive material characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
  • Antimicrobial testing against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Successful formation of pure monocrystalline SrHAp with nanorod and prismatic morphologies confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM.
  • ICP-OES confirmed the elemental composition and correct calcium-phosphorus ratio.
  • SrHAp demonstrated antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, linked to its positive surface charge (point of zero charge near pH 10).

Conclusions:

  • Environmentally friendly synthesized SrHAp nanomaterials are feasible and possess antimicrobial properties.
  • The positive surface charge of SrHAp is critical for its antimicrobial efficacy.
  • SrHAp shows potential for biomedical applications, such as antimicrobial coatings for implants and bone scaffolds, to combat specific microbial contaminations.