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Adjoint-Driven Inverse Design of a Quad-Spectral Metasurface Router for RGB-NIR Sensing.

Rishad Arfin1, Jeongwoo Son2, Jens Niegemann3

  • 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel nanophotonic optical router uses a metasurface to efficiently sort light into red, green, blue, and near-infrared channels. This technology overcomes limitations of conventional color filters, improving high-resolution imaging and sensing applications.

Keywords:
adjoint sensitivitycolor filtersinverse designmetasurface spectral router

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Area of Science:

  • Nanophotonics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Increasing demand for high-resolution imaging drives need for advanced optical components.
  • Conventional color filters suffer significant optical losses, especially with miniaturized pixels.
  • Existing technologies struggle to efficiently manage spectral components in compact imaging systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and design a novel nanophotonic optical router for efficient spectral sorting.
  • To address the limitations of conventional color filters in high-density pixel applications.
  • To demonstrate a compact, high-efficiency solution for spectral routing using metasurfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single-layer, all-dielectric metasurface for spectral routing.
  • Employed an inverse design approach leveraging adjoint sensitivity analysis.
  • Developed a novel figure of merit to guide the metasurface design for spectral sorting.

Main Results:

  • Designed a quad-spectral metasurface router with a compact 2 μm×2 μm footprint.
  • Achieved an average optical efficiency of ~39% across 400-850 nm.
  • Demonstrated individual spectral channel efficiency exceeding 25%, surpassing conventional filters.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed metasurface router efficiently sorts light into four spectral channels (RGB and NIR).
  • This nanophotonic device offers superior optical efficiency compared to traditional color filters.
  • The adjoint-based inverse design approach accelerates development of advanced nanophotonic devices for imaging and sensing.