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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Lensfree On-chip Tomographic Microscopy Employing Multi-angle Illumination and Pixel Super-resolution
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Adjoint-Assisted Shape Optimization of Microlenses for CMOS Image Sensors.

Rishad Arfin1, Jens Niegemann2, Dylan McGuire2

  • 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) microlenses is crucial for high-resolution imaging. This study introduces an adjoint sensitivity analysis (ASA) approach to enhance light collection efficiency for improved optical performance in imaging systems.

Keywords:
CMOS image sensoradjoint sensitivity analysis (ASA)microlensesoptimization

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Engineering
  • Semiconductor Device Physics

Background:

  • High-resolution CMOS image sensors rely on efficient light focusing by microlenses.
  • Optimizing microlens design for high-density pixels under diverse conditions presents a significant challenge.
  • Current methods lack systematic approaches for accelerating the development of efficient microlenses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a systematic optimization approach for CMOS microlens shapes.
  • To enhance light collection efficiency through a novel figure of merit (FOM).
  • To accelerate the development of microlenses with improved optical performance.

Main Methods:

  • Adjoint sensitivity analysis (ASA) is employed to optimize microlens shape.
  • A novel figure of merit (FOM) is developed and integrated into the optimization process.
  • The gradient of the FOM is computed iteratively using only two field simulations.

Main Results:

  • A robust optimization framework for CMOS microlenses was developed and evaluated.
  • The optimized microlenses demonstrated improved light collection compared to conventional designs.
  • The adjoint-assisted framework efficiently computed gradients for optimization.

Conclusions:

  • The presented ASA framework effectively optimizes CMOS microlens shapes for enhanced optical performance.
  • This approach accelerates the development of efficient microlenses, improving light collection.
  • The framework is applicable to developing other optical devices for light manipulation in compact imaging systems.