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Topological photonic crystal fiber.

Bofeng Zhu1,2, Kevin Hean3, Stephan Wong4

  • 1School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.

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Summary

We developed a novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) using topological bandgaps for light guiding. This topological photonic crystal fiber (TPCF) exhibits low losses and superior bending resistance compared to conventional PCFs.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer tunable light guiding through geometric customization.
  • Conventional PCFs rely on mode-trapping mechanisms for light confinement.
  • Topological concepts offer new paradigms for robust light guiding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To realize a PCF utilizing photonic band structure topology for guided modes.
  • To design a fiber compatible with standard fabrication processes.
  • To demonstrate low-loss and bend-resistant light propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Designing a PCF with a topological crystalline insulator cross-section featuring a disclination.
  • Employing theoretical methods, including a spectral localizer, to confirm topological origins of modes.
  • Fabricating the PCF using the stack-and-draw method.
  • Experimentally measuring light transmission losses and bending performance.

Main Results:

  • Guided topological modes were generated below the cladding light line.
  • The fabricated TPCF demonstrated low transmission losses (10-20 dB/km) in the visible to near-infrared spectrum.
  • Losses remained low even under substantial fiber bending.
  • Conventional PCFs showed significantly higher bending losses.

Conclusions:

  • Topological modes provide a robust mechanism for light guiding in PCFs.
  • The developed TPCF design offers improved performance, particularly in bend resistance.
  • Topological optical fibers present a promising platform for advanced photonic applications.