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Systemic and Local Leptin Resistance in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

Olga Gruzdeva1, Evgeniya Gorbatovskaya1, Yulia Dyleva1

  • 1Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Academician Barbarash Blvd., 6, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Leptin resistance (LR) is common in myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Changes in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) contribute significantly to developing LR in these cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Metabolic Syndrome Studies
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Leptin resistance (LR) mechanisms in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are poorly understood.
  • Investigating adipose tissue characteristics in CVD patients may elucidate LR pathogenesis.
  • This study addresses the prevalence and tissue-specific factors of LR in various CVD forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate systemic and local markers of leptin resistance (LR) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), chronic coronary heart disease (CHD), and acquired heart disease (AHD).
  • To determine the prevalence of LR across different CVD patient groups.
  • To identify tissue-specific expression patterns of leptin and its receptors contributing to LR.

Main Methods:

  • Included 108 MI, 96 chronic CHD, and 96 AHD patients.
  • Measured serum leptin, leptin receptor, and free leptin index (FLI) for LR definition (>6.45 ng/mL and FLI >25).
  • Assessed gene expression (LEP, LEPR variants) and protein secretion in subcutaneous (SAT), epicardial (EAT), and perivascular (PVAT) adipose tissue for chronic CHD and AHD patients.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of LR (elevated leptin and FLI) observed in MI and chronic CHD patients, unlike AHD patients.
  • LR was most pronounced in EAT and moderate in SAT among chronic CHD patients.
  • Reduced leptin sensitivity in EAT linked to decreased LEPR variant expression and increased leptin production by adipocytes.

Conclusions:

  • High rates of leptin resistance (LR) were detected in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • Specific alterations within epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) are identified as key contributors to the development of LR in chronic CHD patients.
  • Findings highlight EAT's role in systemic leptin resistance within the context of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
acquired heart diseasecoronary heart diseaseleptin resistancelocal fat depots of the heartmyocardial infarction

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