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Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes

Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes

Published on: March 28, 2025

Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Identifies Key Genes Regulating Maize Tolerance to Alkaline Stress.

Shouxu Liu¹, Zichang Jia², Xuanxuan Hou¹

¹National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|November 13, 2025

Summary

Maize roots combat alkali stress by secreting malonic acid to lower soil pH and maintain root growth. This involves regulating key genes like asparagine synthetase, offering targets for developing salt-tolerant crops.

Keywords:

alkaline stress maize metabolome organic acids root system transcriptome

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Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Biology
Molecular Genetics

Background:

Soil salinization poses a significant threat to global food security.
Developing crops tolerant to saline-alkaline conditions is crucial for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alkali stress tolerance in maize.
To identify genetic factors and metabolic pathways involved in maize's response to alkali stress.

Main Methods:

Screening of 369 maize inbred lines to identify alkali-resistant and sensitive varieties.
Analysis of root architecture, rhizosphere pH, metabolomics, and transcriptomics.
RT-qPCR and multi-omics correlation analysis.

Main Results:

Alkali-resistant maize varieties maintained root architecture and lowered rhizosphere pH.
Malonic acid secretion via the pyrimidine pathway was enhanced in resistant varieties.
Upregulation of asparagine synthetase (Zm00001eb396990) and downregulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase (Zm00001eb370000) were observed in resistant varieties.

Conclusions:

Maize roots alleviate alkali stress through malonic acid secretion and gene regulation.
Asparagine synthetase expression correlates with malonic acid accumulation, aiding stress tolerance.
This study provides a theoretical basis and potential genetic targets for cultivating alkali-tolerant maize.