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Validated Microsurgical Training Programmes: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature.

Victor Esanu1,2, Teona Z Carciumaru3, Alexandru Ilie-Ene4

  • 1Center for Complex Microvascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Validated microsurgical training programs show improved skill acquisition, but challenges in standardization and cost-effectiveness persist. Future research should focus on predictive validity and skill maintenance for better surgical education.

Keywords:
microsurgerypredictive validityprogrammeskill acquisitionskill retentiontrainingvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Microsurgery

Background:

  • Microsurgical skill acquisition is complex due to steep learning curves and training limitations.
  • Simulation-based training offers potential solutions but lacks robust evidence.
  • This review assesses the evidence supporting validated microsurgical training programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate the scientific evidence for validated microsurgical training programs.
  • To assess the quality and extent of evidence backing these training interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched multiple databases (Web of Science, Medline, Embase, ERIC).
  • Assessed study quality using MERSQI and validity using established frameworks; evaluated Level of Evidence (LoE) and Recommendation (LoR) using OCEBM.

Main Results:

  • 25 studies met inclusion criteria, classifying programs as intensive courses or longitudinal curricula.
  • Face, content, and construct validity were commonly assessed; predictive validity was under-evaluated.
  • Most studies (96%) reported skill improvement, but limitations included small sample sizes and lack of long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Validated microsurgical training programs effectively enhance skill acquisition.
  • Standardization, cost-effectiveness, and predictive validity require further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on skill maintenance and standardized objective assessment tools.