Advancements and Innovations in Keratoconus Management: A Review of Current Practices

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Corneal Diseases
• Vision Science

Background:

• Keratoconus is a progressive corneal disease causing vision loss.
• Pathophysiology involves genetic, environmental, and cellular factors.
• Traditional treatments include glasses, rigid contact lenses, and corneal transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of current keratoconus treatments.
• To highlight advancements in managing this blinding condition.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of keratoconus treatment options.
• Analysis of historical and modern therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) halts disease progression.
• Custom, soft, and scleral lenses improve visual acuity.
• Intrastromal ring segments and Bowman layer transplantation offer surgical alternatives.

Conclusions:

• Keratoconus management has evolved significantly with new therapies.
• These advancements improve patient outcomes and may prevent corneal transplantation.
• Future cellular and pharmacological treatments are under investigation.