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Oculomotor Control in Preterm Infants: Insights from Eye-Tracking Technology.

María Romero-Sanz1,2, Teresa Pérez-Roche3, Marina Vilella Cenis2,4

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Preterm birth significantly impacts children's oculomotor control, leading to poorer fixation stability and saccadic abilities, especially in early preterm infants. Early detection and intervention are crucial for supporting developmental outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Visual function is a sensitive indicator of early neural development.
  • Preterm birth can affect early cerebral processes, including visual development.
  • Eye-tracking technology offers quantitative measures of oculomotor behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate oculomotor behavior development in preterm children using eye-tracking.
  • To identify distinct oculomotor control patterns in preterm and full-term children.
  • To correlate oculomotor deficits with prematurity severity and associated complications.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 428 children (0.5-14 years), including 214 preterm and 214 matched controls.
  • Oculomotor behavior analysis using the DIVE device (eye-tracking) measuring fixation duration, saccadic performance, and fixation stability (BCEA).
  • Cluster analysis to identify oculomotor control (OMC) patterns.

Main Results:

  • Preterm children showed significantly poorer fixation stability (higher BCEA) and shorter fixation durations than controls.
  • Early preterm infants exhibited the most unstable fixations.
  • Three OMC patterns identified: 'good,' 'impulsive,' and 'poor,' with 'poor' linked to extreme prematurity, low birth weight, and IVH.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth is associated with significant oculomotor deficits, particularly affecting fixation and saccadic abilities.
  • Early preterm infants demonstrate the most pronounced oculomotor impairments.
  • Targeted interventions are needed for preterm children, especially those with poor oculomotor control.