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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Rat Model of Photochemically-Induced Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Rat Model of Photochemically-Induced Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Published on: November 29, 2015

Dual ROCK1/2-MYLK4 Kinase Inhibition Preserves Visual Function in a Rat Model of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum

Chin-Te Huang^1,2,3, Monir Hossen¹, Tu-Wen Chen¹

¹Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan.

|November 13, 2025

Summary

A novel kinase inhibitor, ITRI-ES, effectively treated optic neuritis in a Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) rat model. This treatment preserved visual function and retinal ganglion cells, offering a promising new therapeutic avenue for NMOSD patients.

Keywords:

neuroinflammation neuromyelitis optica optic neuritis protein kinase inhibitors retinal ganglion cells

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Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

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Published on: January 10, 2019

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Pharmacology

Background:

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is characterized by severe optic nerve inflammation and vision loss.
Current therapeutic options for NMOSD are limited, necessitating the development of novel treatment strategies.
This study investigates ITRI-E-(S)4046 (ITRI-ES), a dual ROCK1/2 and MYLK4 kinase inhibitor, for NMOSD optic neuritis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ITRI-ES in a rat model of NMOSD-induced optic neuritis.
To assess the impact of ITRI-ES on visual function, retinal ganglion cell survival, and optic nerve inflammation.

Main Methods:

NMOSD-like optic neuritis was induced in rats using NMOSD patient serum-soaked sponges.
Rats received intravitreal injections of ITRI-ES, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or methylprednisolone (MP).
Visual function (fVEP), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and apoptosis, and optic nerve inflammation/demyelination markers were analyzed.

Main Results:

ITRI-ES significantly preserved visual function and RGC density, while reducing RGC apoptosis compared to PBS.
ITRI-ES treatment maintained higher levels of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin basic protein (MBP), and suppressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
ITRI-ES reduced key inflammatory markers (NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α) and promoted anti-inflammatory markers (Arg1, CD206).

Conclusions:

ITRI-ES effectively alleviates optic nerve inflammation and preserves retinal integrity in NMOSD optic neuritis.
The dual kinase inhibitor ITRI-ES demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects and maintains visual function.
Kinase inhibition represents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing NMOSD-associated optic neuritis.