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Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of W/EUROFER Functionally Graded Coating.

Ashwini Kumar Mishra1, Jarir Aktaa1

  • 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

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|November 13, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new phased array ultrasonic test reliably detects delamination in tungsten/EUROFER functionally graded material (FGM) coatings. This non-destructive method is effective for both small and large-scale components in nuclear fusion applications.

Keywords:
W coatingdelamination detectionnon-destructive evaluationnuclear fusionphased array ultrasonic test

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Non-Destructive Testing
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Tungsten/EUROFER functionally graded material (FGM) coatings are crucial protective layers in nuclear fusion.
  • Developing non-destructive testing (NDT) methods is essential for analyzing coating integrity and detecting delamination.
  • Current methods may lack the precision needed for complex geometries and interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a phased array ultrasonic test (PAUT) method for analyzing W/EUROFER FGM coating interfaces.
  • To assess the PAUT method's capability in detecting delamination in both small-scale flat and large-scale curved components.
  • To verify the accuracy of PAUT findings through cross-sectional image analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a phased array ultrasonic test (PAUT) system.
  • Testing on two sample types: small-scale flat W/EUROFER FGM coated samples and large-scale L-shape 50% W/50% EUROFER coated samples.
  • Validation of PAUT results using cross-sectional image analysis.

Main Results:

  • The PAUT method successfully identified two distinct interfaces in the W/EUROFER FGM coatings without detecting delamination in the flat sample.
  • PAUT precisely detected artificially created delamination in the large-scale L-shape coated sample.
  • Cross-sectional analysis confirmed the accuracy of delamination detection by PAUT.

Conclusions:

  • Phased array ultrasonic testing is a reliable NDT method for evaluating interface characteristics in W/EUROFER FGM coatings.
  • The PAUT technique is effective for detecting delamination in multilayer coatings across various scales and geometries, including curved components.
  • This method offers a promising solution for quality control and integrity assessment in nuclear fusion applications.