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Microstructure of Additively Manufactured SUS316L Stainless Steel with SrO Heterogeneous Nucleation Site Particles
Yoshimi Watanabe1, Shimon Sekiyama1, Mami Mihara-Narita1
1Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2025
Summary
Adding SrO particles refines SUS316L stainless steel microstructure during additive manufacturing. This study confirms SrO
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Additive Manufacturing
- Metallurgy
Background:
- Strontium oxide (SrO) particles act as heterogeneous nucleation sites.
- SrO addition is known to refine microstructures in powder bed fusion (PBF) manufactured SUS316L stainless steel.
- Directed energy deposition (DED) is another additive manufacturing technique with varying machine configurations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the grain refinement and formability of additively manufactured SUS316L stainless steel with SrO particles using different DED machines.
- To investigate the influence of DED machine specifics (single-beam vs. multi-beam) on SrO-mediated microstructural evolution.
- To compare the effects of SrO addition on grain structure and defect formation across different DED systems.
Main Methods:
- Additive manufacturing of SUS316L stainless steel using directed energy deposition (DED).
- Utilizing two DED machine types: a single-beam LAMDA 200 and a multi-beam ALPION Series.
- Incorporating SrO heterogeneous nucleation site particles into the SUS316L feedstock.
- Analyzing microstructural characteristics, grain size, defect formation, and crystallographic texture.
Main Results:
- SrO addition refined grains in SUS316L manufactured by the multi-beam ALPION Series DED machine.
- SrO addition suppressed defect formation and altered crystallographic texture in SUS316L manufactured by the single-beam LAMDA 200 DED machine.
- Differences in results are attributed to variations in melt pool size, residence time, temperature, cooling, and re-heating between the DED machines.
Conclusions:
- SrO heterogeneous nucleation sites are effective for refining SUS316L microstructure via DED, but the specific effects depend on the DED machine's characteristics.
- Machine-specific parameters, such as melt pool dynamics and thermal history, significantly influence the efficacy of SrO for grain refinement and defect control.
- Further research is needed to optimize SrO addition strategies for various DED processes and achieve desired material properties.
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