[When PSMA PET/CT imaging unveils the unexpected : a new tool in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ?]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic tumour and represents a major diagnostic challenge. Conventional imaging, mainly based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has some limitations, particularly in characterizing atypical and small lesions. Molecular imaging with [18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose, by positron emission tomography associated with computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT), suffers from variable sensitivity depending on tumour differentiation. Recently, PET/CT imaging with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) showed growing interest in non prostatic tumours, especially in HCC due to its affinity for tumoural vascular endothelium. A case report illustrates the value of PSMA PET/CT in the staging and therapeutic management of HCC.