Towards a neuroethological approach to consciousness

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Ethology
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• Consciousness research traditionally focuses on human brain activity, limiting scope for diverse developmental and evolutionary trajectories.
• Investigating consciousness in infants or non-human animals presents unique challenges due to differing biological and ecological contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To advocate for a neuroethological perspective in consciousness studies, expanding beyond human-centric models.
• To encourage a comprehensive examination of consciousness by considering its mechanisms, development, adaptive functions, and evolutionary origins.

Main Methods:

• Applying Tinbergen's four questions (mechanism, development, function, evolution) to the study of consciousness.
• Adopting a comparative approach to explore consciousness across different species and developmental stages.

Main Results:

• A neuroethological framework allows for a more inclusive investigation of consciousness beyond neurotypical adult humans.
• Recognizing consciousness as a continuum shaped by evolutionary pressures is crucial for understanding its diversity.

Conclusions:

• A broader, neuroethological approach is essential for advancing our understanding of consciousness across the tree of life.
• This inclusive perspective has significant implications for science, ethics, and society, particularly concerning the evolutionary functions of consciousness.