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CEST Contrasts Exhibit Significant Regional Variations in the Human Brain at 3 T.

Florian Kroh1,2,3, Philip S Boyd1, Svenja Graß4

  • 1Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

NMR in Biomedicine
|November 13, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI reveals significant regional variations in healthy brain gray and white matter contrasts. These findings establish crucial baseline values for improved detection of subtle pathological changes in clinical neuroimaging.

Keywords:
APTCESTbrain atlasgray matterrNOEssMTwhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI is a key molecular imaging technique with established clinical utility in neuro-oncology.
  • Existing research documents CEST contrast differences between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), but regional variations within the healthy brain remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regional variability of CEST contrasts in healthy brains.
  • To establish a baseline reference for CEST contrasts across different brain regions.
  • To enhance the detection of subtle pathological changes in clinical CEST MRI studies.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy volunteers underwent 3D CEST imaging on a 3-T Siemens Prisma scanner.
  • A custom segmentation tool automatically selected GM and WM regions of interest (ROIs) in frontal, parietotemporal, occipital, and calcarine sulcus regions.
  • Regional contrast changes were analyzed for relaxation-compensated MTRRex and asymmetry-based APTw CEST contrasts.

Main Results:

  • Significant regional differences in GM and WM were observed for all analyzed CEST contrasts.
  • Global GM-WM differences were detected for APTw, MTRRex AMIDE, and MTRRex ssMT, with distinct patterns of higher/lower GM contrast values.
  • Regionally, GM signals showed reduced values in the frontal lobe and increased values in the calcarine sulcus compared to occipital and parietotemporal lobes, with less pronounced differences for MTRRex rNOE and MTRRex ssMT.

Conclusions:

  • CEST and APTw contrast values exhibit significant regional variation in the healthy brain, underscoring the importance of consistent ROI placement in clinical studies.
  • Low intersubject variability provides robust normative values for future comparative studies.
  • Established regional reference values can aid in detecting subtle pathological changes by providing a reliable baseline for interpreting patient data in CEST MRI.