Cardiology Overview of Pulmonary Hypertension Management in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the neonatal intensive care unit represents a complex and diverse spectrum of conditions, from transient persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn to chronic PH associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, and other conditions, and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Proper classification, timely diagnosis using echocardiography and imaging, and tailored therapy are essential. A multidisciplinary approach is critical, particularly for infants with unclear or genetic causes. This article provides a thorough overview of the current classification schema of pulmonary hypertension, underlying pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, treatment options, and long-term prognosis.