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Hyponatraemia and cancer.

Laura Naldi1, Benedetta Fibbi1, Giada Marroncini1

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy; Pituitary Diseases and Sodium Alterations Unit, Endocrinology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Italy.

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|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyponatraemia, common in cancer patients, is linked to poor prognosis. Vasopressin receptor antagonists, used for hyponatraemia, show promise in reducing cancer cell growth, suggesting a potential anti-cancer role.

Keywords:
arginine vasopressincancerhyponatraemiasyndrome of inappropriate antidiuresistolvaptan

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Hyponatraemia is the most frequent electrolyte disturbance in cancer patients, often caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.
  • Arginine vasopressin dysregulation, from ectopic secretion or drugs, contributes to hyponatraemia and is associated with worse cancer prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential anti-cancer effects of vasopressin receptor antagonists.
  • To investigate the link between hyponatraemia, vasopressin, and cancer cell behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hyponatraemia in cancer.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo experimental data on vasopressin receptor antagonists in cancer models.

Main Results:

  • Reduced serum sodium ([Na+]) activates cancer cell pathways promoting growth and invasiveness.
  • Vasopressin receptor antagonists demonstrated efficacy in reducing cancer cell proliferation in experimental settings.

Conclusions:

  • Correction of hyponatraemia may improve cancer outcomes.
  • Vasopressin receptor antagonists show potential as an adjunct therapy in anti-cancer strategies, warranting further clinical investigation.