Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on childhood allergic sensitization: a three-phase comparative study

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
• Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases
• Impact of Public Health Interventions

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions significantly altered daily life, potentially impacting the prevalence and severity of allergic diseases in children.
• Understanding these changes is crucial for managing pediatric allergic conditions in evolving public health landscapes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the influence of COVID-19 restrictions and subsequent deregulation on allergen sensitivity and allergic disease activity in children.
• To analyze changes in allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) positivity, levels, and polysensitization patterns.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients undergoing allergen testing before deregulation, after deregulation, and during the corresponding period in 2021.
• Evaluation of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) positivity rates, IgE levels, and polysensitization.
• Statistical analysis of changes in allergy prevalence and disease activity.

Main Results:

• A decrease in pediatric allergy visits was observed post-deregulation compared to pre-deregulation and 2021 periods.
• Allergen positivity rates and sIgE levels were lower post-deregulation than pre-deregulation, but higher than in 2021.
• The correlation between milk and beef sensitivity weakened post-deregulation compared to pre-deregulation, but strengthened compared to 2021.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19 restrictions were associated with reduced allergic disease activity in children.
• Lifting restrictions and subsequent COVID-19 surges correlated with an increase in allergic disease activity compared to the 2021 period.
• These findings highlight the dynamic relationship between environmental factors, public health measures, and pediatric allergic conditions.