Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Revolution Remodeling Immunity to Conquer Autoimmune Disease

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cell Therapy
• Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

• Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, initially for cancer, shows promise for autoimmune diseases.
• The strategy is shifting from simple cell killing to sophisticated immune remodeling.
• Key targets include B cells, plasma cells, and autoreactive T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the development and concepts of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases.
• To highlight the evolution towards precision immune remodeling.
• To discuss current challenges and future directions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases.
• Analysis of multitarget approaches and chimeric autoantigen receptor technology.
• Examination of immune microenvironment modulation.

Main Results:

• CAR-T therapy can eliminate pathogenic cells and remodel the immune environment, leading to remission and tolerance.
• Multitarget strategies and chimeric autoantigen receptors enhance efficacy.
• Challenges include antigen escape, toxicity, persistence, cost, and immune imbalance.

Conclusions:

• CAR-T cell therapy represents a paradigm shift towards personalized, mechanism-driven treatments for autoimmune diseases.
• Further research is needed to address safety, efficacy, and delivery systems.
• This therapy holds potential for a new era in managing autoimmune conditions.