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This study introduces a beamforming method to create an acoustic camera using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). This technique images mechanical vibrations beyond the optical fiber, enabling broader monitoring of acoustic waves.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Signal Processing
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) offers meter-scale vibration detection along optical fibers.
  • Current DAS limitations include impractical dense fiber deployment for large-area monitoring.
  • There is a need to monitor acoustic waves in areas without direct fiber access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for imaging acoustic emissions around optical fibers, extending beyond deployment regions.
  • To create an acoustic camera capable of generating 2D or 3D acoustic maps.
  • To precisely localize vibration sources and acoustic reflections in unmonitored areas.

Main Methods:

  • A beamforming-based approach is proposed, utilizing near-field array signal processing.
  • Multiple distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) channels are combined.
  • A blind selection process identifies high-quality DAS channels to mitigate limitations.

Main Results:

  • The method enables acoustic imaging in areas without optical fiber deployment.
  • 2D or 3D acoustic maps with meter-scale resolution are generated over several square kilometers.
  • Precise localization of vibration sources and potential acoustic reflections is achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The developed beamforming technique significantly extends the capabilities of DAS.
  • This approach facilitates broader acoustic monitoring and vibration source localization.
  • It paves the way for advanced analysis of vibration wave propagation in remote regions.