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Enhancing fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing capabilities with blind near-field array signal processing.

Felipe Muñoz1, Marcelo A Soto2

  • 1Department of Electronics Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile.

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Summary

This study introduces a blind acoustic array processing method for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems. The technique enhances signal quality and localizes acoustic sources without prior information on the optical fiber or source location.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Signal Processing
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) utilize optical fibers to detect mechanical vibrations.
  • DAS measurements are affected by uneven fiber response and wave propagation distortions.
  • Existing methods often require specific fiber geometries or source information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a blind method for improving DAS data quality and source localization.
  • To address challenges posed by non-uniform DAS responses and complex wave propagation.
  • To enable acoustic source characterization even in areas distant from the optical fiber.

Main Methods:

  • Near-field acoustic array processing is employed.
  • The method accounts for non-uniform DAS channel responses.
  • Sparse beamforming spatial filtering is utilized for signal enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Significant signal-to-noise ratio enhancement is achieved.
  • Reduction of signal distortions in DAS measurements.
  • Accurate 2D localization of acoustic sources is demonstrated.
  • Capability to analyze acoustic fields distant from the sensing fiber.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed blind method effectively processes DAS data without prior information.
  • It offers robust acoustic source localization and characterization.
  • This approach expands the application scope of DAS systems for vibration monitoring.