Maxillary Intraosseous Plexiform Schwannoma: A Rare Neoplasm Radiographically Imitating an Odontogenic Lesion

Area of Science:

• Oral pathology
• Oncology
• Radiology

Background:

• Intraosseous plexiform schwannoma of the jaw is exceptionally rare.
• Only one prior case of this tumor in the maxilla has been documented.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of intraosseous plexiform schwannoma in the maxilla.
• To highlight the importance of histopathologic assessment for diagnosing jaw radiolucencies that mimic odontogenic lesions.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of a 27-year-old male with maxillary swelling.
• Radiographic analysis revealing an unilocular radiolucent lesion.
• Histopathologic examination of the spindle cell neoplasm with Antoni A and B patterns and S100 positivity.

Main Results:

• The lesion was diagnosed as intraosseous plexiform schwannoma.
• Radiographic findings mimicked odontogenic tumors or cysts.
• Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis based on specific cellular patterns and S100 marker.

Conclusions:

• Intraosseous plexiform schwannoma can present as a radiolucent jaw lesion, mimicking more common odontogenic conditions.
• Increased awareness of this rare entity is vital for expanding the differential diagnosis of jaw lesions.
• Histopathologic evaluation is essential for definitive diagnosis and appropriate patient management.