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The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Handwriting Assessment Tool for Primary School Students
Apichaya Boonsirirot1, Napalai Chaimaha1, Suchitporn Lersilp1
1Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Abstract:
This study aimed to develop the Handwriting Assessment Tool for Primary School Students as a Thai handwriting assessment and evaluate its psychometric properties. Participants were 25 primary school students in Grades 1-3, four classroom teachers, and one school-based occupational therapist. The study comprised two phases: (1) developing the tool, and (2) investigating its psychometric properties, including content validity, internal consistency, inter-rater agreement, and stability reliability. The final tool consisted of two parts: general information on students and writing-related factors, and handwriting performance across five domains including alphabet and numerical writing, copying, dictation, legibility, and writing speed. Results indicated acceptable content validity (IOC = 0.80-1.00), excellent internal consistency (α = 0.96), acceptable inter-rater agreement (IRA = 92.22%), and excellent stability reliability (ICC = 0.97). The Handwriting Assessment Tool appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating handwriting performance. Further studies with larger samples are recommended to enhance generalizability.
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