Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
Published on: August 1, 2017
Informative simultaneous confidence intervals for graphical test procedures
Werner Brannath1, Liane Kluge1, Martin Scharpenberg1
1Competence Center for Clinical Trials Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Abstract:
Simultaneous confidence intervals that are compatible with a given closed test procedure are often non-informative. More precisely, for a one-sided null hypothesis, the bound of the simultaneous confidence interval can stick to the border of the null hypothesis, irrespective of how far the point estimate deviates from the null hypothesis. This has been illustrated for the Bonferroni-Holm and fall-back procedures, for which alternative simultaneous confidence intervals have been suggested, that are free of this deficiency. These informative simultaneous confidence intervals are not fully compatible with the initial multiple test, but are close to it and hence provide similar power advantages. They provide a multiple hypothesis test with strong family wise error rate control that can be used in replacement of the initial multiple test. The current paper extends previous work for informative simultaneous confidence intervals to graphical test procedures. The information gained from the newly suggested simultaneous confidence intervals is shown to be always increasing with increasing evidence against a null hypothesis. The new simultaneous confidence intervals provide a compromise between information gain and the goal to reject as many hypotheses as possible. The simultaneous confidence intervals are defined via a family of dual graphs and the projection method. A simple iterative algorithm for the computation of the intervals is provided. A simulation study illustrates the results for a complex graphical test procedure.
Related Concept Videos
Interpretation of Confidence Intervals
Confidence intervals have confidence coefficients that are crucial for their interpretation. The most common confidence coefficients are 0.90, 0.95, and 0.99, which can be written as percentages–90%, 95%, and 99%, respectively.
Suppose a person calculates a confidence interval with a confidence coefficient of 0.95. In that case, they can...
Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals
Confidence Intervals
A...
Confidence Coefficient
Finding Critical Values for Chi-Square
Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level
In hypothesis testing, a sample statistic is converted to a test statistic using z, t, or chi-square distribution. A critical region is an area under the curve in probability distributions demarcated by the critical value. When the test statistic falls in this region, it suggests that the null hypothesis must be rejected. As this region contains all those values of the...

