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A base-stabilized germavinylidene.

Bin Li1, Jiancheng Li2, Yanling Zhu3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Light Energy Conversion Materials of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China. binli@hunnu.edu.cn.

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|November 14, 2025
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Researchers stabilized elusive germavinylidenes using a novel imine-functionalized cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand. This breakthrough opens new avenues for exploring reactive p-block main group chemistry and germanium compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Main Group Chemistry
  • Carbene Chemistry

Background:

  • Germavinylidenes, heavier congeners of vinylidenes, are challenging to isolate as free or stabilized species.
  • Stabilization of low-valent main group compounds often requires specialized ligands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the isolation and characterization of a base-stabilized germavinylidene.
  • To explore the reactivity of this novel germavinylidene species.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a germavinylidene complex using an imine-functionalized cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (imino-CAAC) ligand.
  • Comprehensive structural characterization including X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy.
  • Theoretical calculations to support structural and bonding analysis.
  • Preliminary reactivity studies including methylation, coordination to iron, germanium atom transfer, and cycloaddition reactions.

Main Results:

  • Successful isolation of a base-stabilized germavinylidene featuring a Ge=C double bond.
  • Structural confirmation of the divalent germanium center coordinated by the imine donor.
  • Demonstrated reactivity including selective methylation, formation of an iron carbonyl complex, and germanium atom transfer to form a tetraazagermylene.
  • Evidence of Ge=C double bond character through [2+2] cycloaddition with isocyanate.

Conclusions:

  • Imine-functionalized CAAC ligands are effective in stabilizing reactive germavinylidenes.
  • The stabilized germavinylidene exhibits a rich and diverse chemical profile.
  • This work expands the scope of stabilized p-block main group elements and highlights the potential of imino-CAAC ligands.